Black Fives: The Alpha Physical Culture Club's Pioneering African American Basketball Team, 1904-1923

Formed in 1904, the Alpha Physical Culture Club of Harlem was America’s first African American athletic club. Conrad Norman, its Jamaican-born founder, hoped to address rampant lung disease among blacks living in New York City’s overcrowded tenements by providing proper exercise facilities they could use without bias. The club’s basketball team, the Alpha Big Five, became nationally famous during the 1910s while sticking faithfully to the strictest amateur ideals. But the times were changing. The Alphas' version of pure sport for its own sake was threatened by black fives with visions of play-for-pay, led by team owners like fellow Caribbean immigrant Robert Douglas. Which ideal would prevail? The future of basketball was at stake. The author is Claude Johnson, founder and C.E.O. of Black Fives, Inc. and BlackFives.com. The book includes a foreword by world renowned D.J., sneaker aficionado, publisher, voiceover artist, television personality, record label owner, writer, radio host, M.C, author, and film director Bobbito García. Black Fives _The Alpha Physical Culture Clubs- Pioneeering African American Basketball Team 1904-1923_

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